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Objective@#To understand the impact of screen time on duration and quality of sleep, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of interventions.@*Methods@#A total of 3 584 preschool children in Haikou City were selected by stratified sampling method from March to June in 2022, and the Children s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and self designed questionnaire were used.@*Results@#The average sleep duration of preschool children was (10.41±0.98)h/d, the rate of sleep deprivation was 28.71 %, and the report rate of sleep problems was 50.47%. The average sleep duration in general as well as on weekdays and weekends decreased by age ( F=21.00, 29.53, 3.26, P ＜0.05), and insufficient sleep duration rate significantly varied by age groups ( χ 2=29.85, P ＜ 0.01 ). The average screen time was (1.15±0.37)h/d, and the screen exposure rate was 55.39%. The total sleep problems ( 52.14 %), poor bedtime habits (43.02%), daytime sleepiness (67.10%), irregular sleep duration (53.05%), and abnormal sleep latency ( 24.99 %) were all higher than those in the non exposed group (48.41%, 39.59%, 63.29%, 48.91%, 19.57 %) ( χ 2= 4.94 , 4.31, 5.69 , 6.08, 14.85, P <0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age and weekend average screen time were negatively associated with sleep duration ( β =-0.01, -0.06), weekday and weekend average outdoor activity duration were positively correlated with sleep duration ( β =0.08, 0.08) ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Screen exposure to preschool children s sleep time,sleep quality was closely related. Parents should cultivate good sleep habits of preschool children, and limit children s screen time to maximize outdoor activities, so as to ensure healthy development of children.
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Objective@#To explore current status of sleep disturbances and its influencing factors in preschool children in Haikou city, and to provide a reference for improving chidlren sleeping quality by taking effective measures.@*Methods@#Layered random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 200 preschool children from kindergartens in Haikou city in 2018. Sleep status questionnaire was used to investigate children’s sleep disorders and analyze the influencing factors.@*Results@#The detection rate of sleep disturbances was 50.00%, the rates in each group were 50.90% for boys, 48.87% for girls(χ2=0.49, P>0.05), and 48.45% for 3 years old group, 50.33% for 4 years old group, 50.55% for 5 years old group, and 49.55% for 6 years old group(χ2=0.24, P=0.97). The total daily sleep time of children was(10.53±1.05)h, and the duration of continuous sleep at night was(8.69±0.78)h, the length of sleep during the day was(1.84±0.67)h, sleep time decreased with the increase of age(F=7.52, 3.04, 7.88, P<0.05). The univariateand multivariate Logistic regression showed that, asthma(OR=2.65), frequent cold(OR=1.67), carpet at home(OR=1.40), poor appetite(OR=1.18), changing caregivers(OR=1.25), inconsistent rearing ideas(OR=1.42), parents falling asleep late (OR=1.39) and mothers with sleep problems (OR=1.73) were the risk factors for sleep problems, children and parents sleeping separately(OR=0.75), children’s sleeping rule (OR=0.32) were the protection factors(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#It is necessary to do a good job in the sleep management of preschool children and reduce the detection rate of sleep problems from many aspects, such as family rearing environment, health knowledge of caregivers, parents undefined sleep habits, children undefined sleeping style and so on.
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This study explores the differential protein expression in the colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to validate a new biomarker for tumor progression. CRC tissues and their adjacent non-cancerous tissues were analyzed by two-dimensional LC/MS/MS. Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) was selected and confirmed its differential expression by Western blot. Immunohistological staining of NPM1 in tissues was performed to validate its correlation with clinicopathologic parameters of CRC patients. There were 39 candidates with significant difference between cancerous tissues and their adjacent non-cancerous tissues, which included 19 increased proteins and 20 decreased proteins in CRC samples. Especially, NPM1 was correlated with poor differentiation, and lymph node metastasis according to the analysis of patients’ clinicopathologic parameters. Increased expression of NPM1 can be as a critical biomarker for clinical diagnosis of tumor progression of CRC patients.
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Objective@#To explore blood lead level and associated factors among preschool children in Haikou city,and to provide a reference for early detection and timely intervention of children’s lead poisoning.@*Methods@#Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 22 038 children from 23 kindergartens in Haikou city from 2015 to 2018. Blood lead level was examined and a questionnaire survey was conducted.@*Results@#The average blood lead level was 22.45 μg/L, with 22.55 μg/L for boys, 23.33 μg/L for girls, 23.09 μg/L for 3-year-old group, 22.13 μg/L for 4-year-old group, 22.58 μg/L for 5-year-old, and 22.10 μg/L for 6-year-old. On average, about 0.50% of the total children was found of high blood lead level, the prevalence decreased by year during 2015-2018 which was 0.80%, 0.62%, 0.47%, and 0.11%, respectively. The high blood lead rate was 0.45% for boys, 0.57% for girls, 0.46% for 3-year-old, 0.37% for 4-year-old, 0.61% for 5-year-old, and 0.56% for 6-year-old. Hyperactivity, inattention, anorexia, frail disease, stomach ache, pale and anemia was found higher in high lead group and 50~99 μg/L group than those in 0~49 μg/L group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that mother’s occupational exposure to lead was positively correlated with children’s high blood lead level. Frequent toy cleaning and outings were negatively correlated with high blood lead levels in children.@*Conclusion@#The high blood lead level of children is closely related to some factors,such as,their living condition,living habits and so on.Theretore,a regular detection of blood lead should be conducted. Parents should be educated about childhood lead poisoning, as well the need to prevent and intervene in daily life.
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ABSTRACT: Toxic metals contamination of soil has become a serious problem in recent years. In this study, Chinese cabbage (a relatively high-accumulator of cadmium (Cd)) and cabbage (a relatively low-accumulator of Cd) were cultured in monoculture and in intercropping in the Cd-contaminated soil, to evaluate the effect of intercropping on the alteration of Cd extraction. Both the pot experiments and field experiments indicated that intercropping increased the Cd extraction by Chinese cabbage and decreased the Cd extraction by cabbage. Thus, Cd extraction was advanced while safe production was obtained. Further pot experiment was conducted to investigate the alterations of soil Cd fractions, soil pH, and soil enzyme activities to reveal their possible relationship with Cd extraction between different planting patterns. Results revealed that three individual Chinese cabbages in one intercropping pot played the same effect on alteration of these factors as six individual Chinese cabbages in one monoculture pot. The intercropping increased Cd extraction by Chinese cabbage and decreased Cd extraction by cabbage, probably by influencing mechanisms such as soil enzyme activities (especially the urease activity) in the cultivation system. Effect of intercropping on Cd accumulation is an important issue in cultivation of vegetables in potentially contaminated land.
RESUMO: A contaminação do solo por metais tóxicos tornou-se um problema grave nos últimos anos. Neste estudo, dois tipos de repolhos, o repolho chinês (maior acumulador de cádmio (Cd)) e o repolho comum (menor acumulador de Cd) foram cultivados em monocultivo e em consórcio, em solo contaminado com esse metal, para avaliar o efeito do consórcio na extração de Cd do solo. Os experimentos em vasos de campo indicaram que o consórcio aumentou a extração desse metal pelo repolho chinês e diminuiu a extração pelo repolho comum. Assim, aumentou a extração de Cd do solo, proporcionando segurança alimentar. Outro experimento em vaso foi conduzido para investigar as alterações das frações de Cd do solo, o pH do solo e atividades enzimáticas do solo, para revelar possíveis efeitos na extração desse metal entre os sistemas de plantio. Os resultados do experimento em vaso revelaram que três repolhos da china, em cultivo consorciado, proporcionaram o mesmo efeito nessas variáveis, que os observados com seis plantas desse tipo de repolho, em monocultura. O consórcio influenciou as frações de Cd do solo devido a maior influência das hortaliças no pH do solo e nas atividades enzimáticas (especialmente a urease), resultando maior extração de Cd pelo repolho chinês e menor pelo repolho comum.